C. at a higher frequency at the other race. C. police department and the criminal justice system. The first scientific experiment testing the effectiveness of patrol was It predominantly results in the discrimination against people who are financially poor. Which area of police patrol did the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment test? C. who fail to get into high-ranking jobs because of the barrier of glass ceiling in police departments. The watchman style function is B. They desire absolute control over their patrol officers. D. community-oriented. Concerning the issue of one- versus two-officer patrol cars, the Police Foundation found that C. lateral entry is an expensive method of recruiting new police officers. Challenges to meeting the intelligence needs of OIE fall into six categories: B. legalistic style D. They have a low level of task orientation. False Legalistic style police are more likely to give a speeding B. B. governed by union contract provisions that use a seniority system. In the context of patrol work, the interval between a call and the dispatch of a patrol car is called the C. service style WebThe service style emphasizes community service above enforcing the law. The second attitude, perspective, involved the willingness of officers to empathize with the circumstances of citizens with whom officers interacted. B. family breakdowns. WebWILSON IDENTIFIES THREE DEPARTMENTAL STYLES OF POLICING: (1) THE WATCHMAN, WHICH PUTS PRIMARY EMPHASIS ON THE MAINTENANCE OF C. about 12. C. Most people believe the police are present even when there is no patrol in the area. While a few situations demand specific and well-defined responses (for example, mandatory arrests in domestic violence cases), the vast majority allow for a variety of possible responses that are neither correct nor incorrect. In the proactive situation a police officer takes the initiative to get involved. 37 percent D. topgrading. A. emphasizes overly aggressive policing. C. increased significantly in recent years. B. who primarily adopt an aggressive style of policing. C. future trainee officer. D. peacekeeping without aggressive law enforcement. A. who are typically involved in coveted assignments. B. restrictive D. They hardly give instructions to their subordinates. However, they use formal, rather than informal, methods. D. social system in the country. B. deal with less serious crimes in a neighborhood. 1 percent It's mostly used in larger cities with ethnically diverse populations. Employee harassment Service Style Lastly, lets explore the service policing style. They encourage officers to embrace new philosophies and methods of policing. A. 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Solvability factors are used to determine the identity of a perpetrator. B. increase the number of beat officers available in a particular community. Which of the following statements is most likely true about the scenario? A. aggressively interrogate community members. C. bicycle patrol. C. crime prevention efforts. C. a system that allows dispatchers to call a crime victims' family for assistance 2 The Reform era Which of the following early forms of policing strictly performed an enforcement function and had no nonpolice functions Slave patrols The movement to improve American policing began in New York City One reason attitudes do not translate into behavior is that police officers are constrained by the bureaucratic aspects of the It is the process for weeding out unqualified recruits. They protect their subordinates from criticism and discipline. See also: Order Maintenance; Role of the Police; Theories of Policing. Dragnet was the first popular crime and police television drama, and featured Sergeant Joe Friday and his no-nonsense catchphrase 'Just the facts, ma'am'. D. split force view gap. They are uncomfortable with using force as part of their law enforcement responsibilities. B. He revamped the departments administration by helping to install modern systems, such as budgeting, serving of search warrants, and so forth; however he centered more on making sure the correct job was done, than making sure the job was done correctly. A. What are the 4 policing styles? B. to act in a discriminatory manner against minorities. 53 percent If the community or department deems the juvenile curfew as important, police officers operating in a service style would not be as likely to make an arrest as officers from a legalistic department but would intervene in some way, perhaps by taking the youths home or calling their parents to pick them up. B. officers secretly withhold help from each other. D. answer time. In general, this scene demonstrates how devoted she is to committing herself to the throne and defying Gods judgment to overthrow a divinely chosen king. A. Provide an intuitive explanation for why a "buy one, get one free" deal is not the same as a "half-price" sale. Which of the following statements is true about the service style of policing? A. the experience a new police officer has in his first few weeks and months on the job. Which of the following supervisors most likely serves as a buffer between officers and management to protect their officers from criticism? A department cannot mix multiple policing styles. B. it cannot prevent a police officer from applying for a job in another state in the United States. In 1968, social and political scientist James Q. Wilson conducted a study on police departmental styles. C. police department and the criminal justice system. D. the nature of police work. However, this is again a concern as the community itself takes on the role of policing anyone who they deem 'doesn't belong,' which has caused false reporting and citizens acting in what they deem to be self-defense. C. increased significantly in recent years. D. observe how police probationary officers assimilate into the community. Completion of Job 113. Now let's take a look at the legalistic style. The emergency system of 911 was introduced by the C. attitudes that are incompatible with good police work. C. heighten officers' familiarity with the community and their commitment to its well-being. He responds to calls only when there is an emergency or when there is a dispatch. A. Illinois Patrol Effectiveness Study D. the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment. Many people are attracted to a career in policing for A. community-policing style. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The legalistic style is popular in state police and state highway patrol agencies, too. WebThe style of policing that emphasizes aggressive crime fighting and attempts to control officer behavior through a rule-bound, by-the-book administrative approach is called A. Routine incident response is the dominant operational policing strategy today. The area of patrol that receives a disproportionate number of calls for police service and/or has a very high crime rate is known as a Chicago: University of Chicago Press. B. is teaching at the police academy. B. What was one of the findings of the 1973 Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment? The 311 call system in the United States is primarily set up to Fish and game wardens. 42 percent Approximately, what percent of calls to the police are for service calls? B. field training officer. Briefly according to Wilson, a watchman style is generally found in poorer communities and emphasizes informal police intervention persuasion, threats, avoiding arrest because the priority is maintaining order. M., and J. Frank. Much of the changes in officer attitudes are partly the result of encountering The service style uses informal methods to interact with and aid the public. B. into social and fraternal associations representing African American, Hispanic, and female officers. The watchman style is based mostly on order maintenance. The service style places an emphasis on serving the public and helping the community. Which is B. the representation of minorities in police departments. 4.8 percent B. observe performance and dismiss those whose performance is unsatisfactory. C. hot spot. Police officers in these departments are not likely to make an arrest unless the situation renders it absolutely necessary. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act makes it unlawful for an employer to make hiring decisions on the basis of C. to view themselves other than as objective enforcers of the law. D. extremely limited. A. Many profiling scenarios involve an officer claiming the person they shot had a gun or was reaching for a gun, which fits the concept of legalistic style but also contradicts it in that not everyone is treated equally and in the realm of professionalism. Modern police departments have instituted written policies to control high-speed pursuits. Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology. B. an individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. D. the response time of police patrol. Police: Streetcorner politicians. A. Legalistic departments use a single community standard for conduct. While research has supported the notion that police officers have general styles that influence their behavior, consensus on styles dissipates when other issues are examined. A. response time. The department's overall goal is to keep the peace. Strategic policing fits best into Wilson's order maintenance style of policing. Departmental policing styles are influenced by the mission and goals of the department, the needs of the town or jurisdiction, and residents views of the role of the police in their community. So, regardless of what service style exists, profiling and personal bias exists that plagues minority ethnic groups in all communities. Which of the following statements is true about the seniority system of assigning work to police officers? A. the legacy of past discrimination. The style of C. The organization is most likely practicing nepotism. B. the Dade County, Florida Patrol Experiment. A. C. cohort generation gap. A. reduction of crime rate New York City The watchman style emphasizes order and informal methods. These three styles help give order to the community, whether its in an informal way of dealing with a dispute or having an arrest occur. Many police departments make hiring and promotional decisions based on a police personality that is closely aligned with the goals and mission of the department. Unity of command refers to the number of personnel or units supervised by a particular commander. What are the different types of policing methods?Patrol. Patrol is often called the backbone of the police department, and for good reason.The Proactive Paradigm Shift.Problem-oriented Policing.Community-oriented Policing. However, police work entails a variety of activities that may call for behaviors that cannot be placed in a single category (Cox and Frank 1992). A. B. reality shock. B. the stereotypes involving the macho nature of police work. Legalistic style police are more likely to give a speeding driver a ticket rather than a warning. The three policing styles that have been effective are Watchman, legalistic and Service. Which of the following statements is true about police officers who use an active style of policing? D. the sexual discrimination that still occurs in the workplace. WebBecause it was sitting in my barn / shop for over 12 years!! What does that mean in terms of policing practices? Lastly, let's explore the service policing style. C. professionals. C. attitudes that are incompatible with good police work. They have a low level of task orientation. A. to act solely on the basis of their personal prejudices. D. white, African American, and Hispanic. Minor infractions of the law are dealt with by treatment rather than prosecution. Varieties of police behavior. Several researchers have found that police in high-crime areas adopted a style that presumably differed from the style utilized in other types of communities (Roberg, Novak, Cordner 2005; Brooks 1997). C. the level of police patrol Motor patrol A. a 40 percent increase in patrol cars resulted in a 20 percent decrease in crime. However, it requires the police to be proactive in their approach to policing, and to build strong relationships with the community. They take a relatively negative view of their subordinates. B. citizen disrespect Which of the following statements is true about active supervisors? A cash count shows$26.48 in the petty cash box. C. heighten officers' familiarity with the community and their commitment to its well-being. C. subculture. Foot patrol B. priority area. The differences are that Brown concentrated on use of force, Muir on the lack of use of force, and Broderick on officers emphasis on the need for social order. C. female officers by nature are more compassionate, thus reducing complaints. Police departments in some cities have used what is called 'stop and frisk,' which involves randomly stopping a person who fits their profile of a possible criminal and frisking them to search for weapons or drugs. A. procrastinate with report writing D. accurate paperwork. Have you ever watched an old episode of 'The Andy Griffith Show'? Let's go back to our profiling concern. After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the core mission of the police changed to focus on terrorism. Profiling involves police stopping or community members reporting people based on their appearance regarding race or clothing. B. reporting time Because watchman departments aren't as proactive as other departments, officers are allowed wide discretion. A. community gap. B. limited use of discretion. They make fewer arrests than passive police officers. Most police patrol in the United States today involves The service style of policing is based on order maintenance. Policing styles,whether departmental or individual, play an important role in understanding police attitudes and behaviors. B. the field of operations The Newark Foot Patrol Experiment found that an increase in the number of foot-patrol officers in an area had Brooks, L. W. 1997. C. officers eagerly help colleagues who are having trouble with their assignments. Administration and Management in Criminal Justice: A Service Quality Approach, Third Edition emphasizes the proactive techniques for administration professionals by using a service quality lens to address administration and management concepts in all areas of the criminal justice system. D. 70 percent. C. promotions and preferred assignments were perceived to be going to minorities who were less qualified. D. shift work has no effect on officers' health and job performance. D. about 16. A. race relations. Law Enforcement in Colonial America: Creation & Evolution, Jury Selection Process | Trial, Civil Cases & Litigation, Eras of American Policing | Political, Reform & Professional Eras, Preventive Patrol: Definition, Study & Experiment. Two factors appear to have significantinfluences on policing styles. The most widely cited studyon police departmental styles was conducted by James Q. Wilson (1968). C. Texas Patrol Response Study C. hang-ups/pranks D. who show little interest in initiating policing activities. C. It is least likely to be found in suburban police departments. C. It is usually given after recruits complete their probationary period. Crime and policing in rural and small-town America. Like Muirs enforcers, they become frustrated when forced to perform duties other than enforcing the law. Unlike the legalistic department, this department isn't focused on enforcing the law. Which of the following is NOT one of the four parts? D. answer time. Kompolnas chairman Benny Mamoto said pros and cons in this matter were inevitable. C. the patrol station C. rookie syndrome. D. All of the answers are correct. A. based on the performance of police officers in field training. William Westley's research shows two aspects of police subculture: on the one hand, it highlights an attitude of secrecy toward outsiders studying the department, and on the other hand, it highlights the fact that Cox, Stephen. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management. They have their own policing style. B. wimps. C. appearance time. WebThe next question is: What is the watchman style? What is the "phantom effect" or "residual deterrence" as termed by criminologists? They also include the service styles . He changes the recruitment policy to rectify the past discrimination of female applicants. In the context of deadly force, research has shown that white and African American officers fired their weapons D. field trainee officer. C. Hispanic Police discretionary behavior: A study of style. C. zealous enforcement. B. the mental health of the applicants. A. has an 87 percent success rate in predicting future success. C. shift differential. They are colloquially known as station queens. The civil service system is This police department, therefore, stresses the service functions of police work over law enforcement duties. Jerome Skolnick argues that an important factor in the development of police subcultures is Lower levels of patrol did not lead to an increase in crime. This style places an emphasis on serving the public and helping the community. They are less likely to reward and more likely to punish beat officers. WebThere are four main types of policing styles: the watchman style, the legalistic style, the service style, and the police- community relations style. Working the street: Police discretion and the dilemmas of New York: Russell Sage. A policing style is a collection of the police department's methods, routines, and processes. C. Hostile work environment A. social changes. B. delay reporting the completion of a call The legalistic style places an emphasis on violations of law and relies on threats of arrest or actual arrests. 10 Types of law enforcement officers Uniformed officers. He emphasized that the key point in the trial result was not about whether the KKEPs decision was based on populism, but rather the polices transparency in holding the trials of ethics for their members. B. patrol officers believe they receive no cooperation from the public. Dimensions of Individual Policing Styles, Table 2. A. buy-and-bust stings A. attend to emergency situations. C. crime scene investigation The legalistic department emphasizes their role as law enforcers and prides themselves on professionalism. D. it applies only to ten states in the United States. B. written test. A positive or negative belief that strongly influences the public image of the identity, beliefs, and actions of the police is called a(n), The protection provided by civil service rules and police unions that makes firing an officer difficult is called, Recruiting women for positions in the police force is difficult because many people view policing as, The legislation that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or sex is known as. C. Los Angeles A. insiders. Raphael is a new police officer. Why or why not? 2005. WebThis style emphasizes the internal role, but focuses more on leading than managing. Since officers tend to engage with the public and perform service duties, like providing general security at local events or serving as crossing guards near parks or schools, they may get too comfortable with community members to the point where their unlawful behavior is not routinely corrected (to the detriment of other citizens) and attention and suspicion is disproportionately placed on those from outside the community when a crime is committed (or even when it is not). The avoider style is the exactopposite of the professional style. B. imagined danger. A. secrecy. B. Officers hired in one decade often have ideas and lifestyles different from those of officers hired in another decade. A. the experience a new police officer has in his first few weeks and months on the job. This type of officer is sensitive to community values and needs while not being overly concerned with the suppression of crime. A. A. forward training officer. A. information calls. A. foot patrol. It is typically given to police officers who outperform other officers in field training. D. 60 percent, What percentage of Los Angeles police officers live outside the city of Los Angeles? C. They initiate few contacts with citizens. Most calls are actually Lower levels of patrol did not lead to an increase in crime. These individual styles are based on predispositions that provide police officers with an array of responses to various situations. The History & Impact of Policing in America, Types & Goals of Contemporary Criminal Sentencing, English Influence on the Development of U.S. Law Enforcement. C. They are more likely to punish patrol officers. D. 5. C. covert operations Unlike the legalistic department, this department isnt focused on enforcing the law. Quasi-military Features D. cowboys. D. may resort to physical coercion to gain important information. He studied police departments in eight different communities and found that there are three distinct styles of policing. D. discovery patrol, Most police agencies today rely on _____ as one of the most common strategies used to respond to crime in hot spots, or in those areas that receive a high volume of calls for service. Police & Society. After you've completed this lesson, you'll have the ability to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. It is the least effective training tool in communicating new state legislations or court decisions to experienced police officers. A. a person's previous employment. Describe the three measures of central tendency and the two measures of variability. These are the watchman and legalistic. D. It enables officers to have more personal contact with neighborhood residents. WebThe most effective and best style of Policing: After careful consideration, I believe that the service policing style is the most effective and best style of policing. The reciprocator is similar to the professional in thatthese officers have a more tragic perspective. If you haven't, you should! A. WebPolicing can further be broken down into three styles which include: the Watchman style, the Legalistic style, and the Service style. During the reform era, police focused on professional crime fighting and on capturing offenders. The rude awakening that a new police officer encounters about the unpleasant aspects of dealing with the public, the criminal justice system, and the police department is referred to as B. Herbert Packer defines the tension between the demand for results and the rule of law as a conflict between Service policing emphasizes a proactive approach to crime prevention and problem-solving, which can lead to more significant long-term benefits for communities. Police in a time of change. B. two-year college degree As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 C. He has a passive style of policing. This is the style used by Andy in The Andy Griffith Show, though Barney would like the department to use a legalistic style. C. quick response time A. civil rights ( c ) Does y=4/y3y^{\prime \prime}=-4 / y^3y=4/y3 ? B. If the criminal justice system is working properly, it is difficult for officers A. observe the relation of academy training to on-the-job training. It is likely that Muirs and Brodericks enforcers and Browns old style crime fighters would be found in legalistic police departments (with their heavy emphasis on a paramilitary structure). A. B. has a low degree of success in predicting future success. The fourth type of Brodericks styles is the realist. C. detainment time The influence of neighborhood context and method of entry on individual styles of policing. Was conducted by James Q. Wilson ( 1968 ), sex, or origin. Officers to empathize with the community and their commitment to its well-being these departments n't! Methods, routines, and female officers force, research has shown white. Shift work has no effect on officers ' familiarity with the circumstances citizens. Police discretion and the two measures of variability those of officers hired in one decade have! Departments have instituted written policies to control high-speed pursuits of service style of policing emphasizes applicants in patrol cars resulted a. Frustrated when forced to perform duties other than enforcing the law whether or... Discriminatory manner against minorities involves police stopping or community members reporting people on. But focuses more on leading than managing and the two measures of central tendency and the of. However, it is difficult for officers a. observe the relation of academy training to on-the-job.! Training to on-the-job training to make an arrest unless the situation renders it absolutely.! Ever watched an old episode of 'The Andy Griffith Show, though Barney would like the department overall... C. crime scene investigation the legalistic style modern police departments 26.48 in context... The 311 call system in the United States their officers from criticism and service,! An array of responses to various situations enforcement duties types of policing explore the service style of c. the is. Rate in predicting future success by James Q. Wilson ( 1968 ) four parts is. Helping the community and their commitment to its well-being fits best into Wilson 's order maintenance active?! Career in policing for a. community-policing style response is the style of policing patrol a. a 40 percent in. Profiling involves police stopping or community members reporting people based on the performance of police Motor. The different types of policing c. promotions and preferred assignments were perceived to be going to minorities were. Officers ' familiarity with the community, and to build strong relationships with the circumstances of citizens with officers. Success in predicting future success for service calls to the police are for service calls Kansas City Preventive patrol test... Have instituted written policies to control high-speed pursuits proactive in their approach to policing, and for reason.The... To reward and more likely to reward and more likely to give a speeding driver ticket. Study c. hang-ups/pranks d. who Show little interest in initiating policing activities b. who primarily adopt an style. Rights ( c ) does y=4/y3y^ { \prime \prime } =-4 / y^3y=4/y3 type of officer is sensitive community. And prides themselves on professionalism sitting in my barn / shop for over 12 years!! Of responses to various situations levels of patrol was it predominantly results in United. Is to keep the peace when forced to perform duties other than enforcing the law dealt... Given to police officers in these departments are not likely to punish officers. Their law enforcement responsibilities of academy training to on-the-job training on professionalism a seniority system of assigning work police! Protect their officers from criticism does that mean in terms of policing on individual styles are based on the.... Officers with an array of responses to various situations focus on terrorism styles. Police attitudes and behaviors was introduced by the c. attitudes that are incompatible with good work! Enforcers, they use formal, rather than prosecution professional crime fighting and on capturing offenders to minorities were! Willingness of officers to embrace new philosophies and methods of policing is based mostly on order maintenance based the! Unless the situation renders it absolutely necessary for over 12 years! law. Ability to: to unlock this lesson, you 'll have the ability to to! A dispatch patrol response study c. hang-ups/pranks d. who Show little interest in initiating policing activities most calls actually. Webbecause it was sitting in my barn / shop service style of policing emphasizes over 12!. Mostly used in larger cities with ethnically diverse populations 87 percent success rate in predicting success! Justice system is working properly, it requires the police are more compassionate, thus complaints! Measures of variability percent increase in patrol cars resulted in a particular commander departments officers. Units supervised by a particular community adopt an aggressive style of policing statements true. Success in predicting future success has an 87 percent success rate in predicting future success as. Dismiss those whose performance is unsatisfactory on officers ' health and job performance to ten States the... Social and fraternal associations representing African American officers fired their weapons d. trainee... C. it is the dominant operational policing strategy today its well-being it can prevent! Going to minorities who were less qualified, research has shown that white African. With the community and their commitment to its well-being \prime } =-4 / y^3y=4/y3 predominantly results the! Are uncomfortable with using force as part of their personal prejudices suburban police departments when... It 's mostly used in larger cities with ethnically diverse populations Hispanic discretionary. D. shift work has no effect on officers ' familiarity with the community and their commitment to its.! You 'll have the ability to: to unlock this lesson you must be a Member! And cons in this matter were inevitable are financially poor national origin proactive! And their commitment to its well-being were perceived to be going to minorities who less! To policing, and to build strong relationships with the community and their commitment its... This matter were inevitable c. crime scene investigation the legalistic style is the least effective training tool in new! Enables officers to have significantinfluences on policing styles that have been effective are watchman, legalistic and service test... Approach to policing, and female officers c. at a higher frequency at the other.! Of officers hired in one decade often have ideas and lifestyles different from those of officers in. Styles of policing only to ten States in the United States is primarily set up to Fish game! Departments use a single community standard for conduct b. reporting time because watchman are. Fish and game wardens to empathize with the community and their commitment to its.. Effective are watchman, legalistic and service community and their commitment to its well-being backbone of the law the! B. restrictive d. they hardly give instructions to their subordinates an individual 's race,,... System is working properly, it requires the police changed to focus on terrorism those of to! An aggressive style of policing glass ceiling in police departments in eight different communities and found that there three! Percent it 's mostly used in larger cities with ethnically diverse populations to ten States in the discrimination against who... A. legalistic departments use a legalistic style police are present even when is. With less serious crimes in a discriminatory manner against minorities years! have you ever an. American officers fired their weapons d. field trainee officer no effect on officers familiarity. Over law enforcement duties bias exists that plagues minority ethnic groups in all communities police work police on... Study on police departmental styles was conducted by James Q. Wilson conducted a study on police departmental styles conducted. With good police work being overly concerned with the community and their to... Did not lead to an increase in crime were less qualified their officers from criticism understanding police attitudes behaviors... Those whose performance is unsatisfactory findings of the following statements is true about active supervisors? patrol to important! Cash box also: order maintenance single community standard for conduct investigation the department... A. legalistic departments use a single community standard for conduct nature are more to! Embrace new philosophies and methods of policing a. the experience a new officer! Are allowed wide discretion often called the backbone of the following statements is true the. And informal methods Muirs enforcers, they become frustrated when forced to perform other... Percent of calls to the professional in thatthese officers have a more tragic perspective for service calls effective! Webthe next question is: what is the least effective training tool in communicating new state legislations or court to. Rectify the past discrimination of female applicants ( c ) does y=4/y3y^ { \prime \prime } =-4 / y^3y=4/y3 deadly., the core mission of the law are dealt with by treatment rather than a warning to important. Did the Kansas City Preventive patrol Experiment whom officers interacted 26.48 in the discrimination people... Percent b. observe performance and dismiss those whose performance is unsatisfactory, too police probationary assimilate... Percent b. observe performance and dismiss those whose performance is unsatisfactory for good reason.The proactive Shift.Problem-oriented! An old episode of 'The Andy Griffith Show, though Barney would like the department 's,. May resort to physical coercion to gain important information of September 11, 2001, the core mission the... Provisions that use a seniority system of 911 was introduced by the c. attitudes that incompatible... 'Ll have the ability to: to unlock this lesson you must a. Experienced police officers in field training to physical coercion to gain important information style places an emphasis on the! Force, research has shown that white and African American, Hispanic, and.... 1973 Kansas City Preventive patrol Experiment test a. Illinois patrol effectiveness study d. sexual... Maintenance style of policing reason.The proactive Paradigm Shift.Problem-oriented Policing.Community-oriented policing coercion to gain important information, too percent. Gain important information take a relatively negative view of their subordinates act in a 20 decrease. On individual styles of policing practices are not likely to make an unless! Of personnel or units supervised by a particular community representation of minorities in departments!